Reasons Behind the Nazis Coming to Power Essay - 1384 Words

Reasons Behind the Nazis Coming to Power In January 1933, Hitler became chancellor of Germany, there are many reasons for him and the Nazis coming into power. They are long term and short-term cause, which can be classed under 3 main headings: weakness of opposition, strengths of Nazis and economic factors. The weaknesses of the opposition helped the Nazis come into power because Hitler took advantage of them. The failure of the Weimar government was a long-term reason. The government had been doomed from the start, when it took over from the Kaiser in 1918, it had many problems to face. Firstly, the Weimar was democratic, it believed the people should have a say in how their country was run.†¦show more content†¦Germany began to get back onto its feet again when a new currency known as the Rentenmark was introduced under Stresemann and deals were negotiated, but the country was still dependant on the US for money which hit them hard after the wall street crash in 1929. However, there were also weaknesses within the constitution itself which helped Hitler. Proportional representation meant that there were lots of small parties within the Reichstag this meant that decisions were difficult and slow to make. Germany lacked a strong government, which is what they needed in order to pull them out of the depression. Small parties were weak and poorly organised, they failed to sort out Germanys problems because they were unprepared to work together. This caused people to have little confidence in the democratic system and as a result turned their support to extremist groups such as the Nazis and Communists for help. The chancellors Hindenburg appointed under him had little support in the Reichstag and as a result they were forced to rule by emergency degree. Support for the Weimar republic began to decreas4 as political uncertainties were created by the failings of Weimar and the short- lived coalition governments, which were not prepared to work together. The Weaknesses of Communism helped the Nazis to come to power indirectly. Landowners, businessmen, big companies and MiddleShow MoreRelatedAdolf Hitler And The Nazi Party889 Words   |  4 Pageslegally named chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg. In the following years, Hitler would take power as Fà ¼hrer and the Nazi party would create laws that pretty much allowed them to kill eleven million people. While the anti-semitic laws and the laws against â€Å"undesirables† were horrible, they were still laws. The truth of the matter was that Hitler belonged to the Nazi party and it was a legitimate political party with a substantial following; and their laws were enacted legally.Read MoreNineteen Eighty Four : A Warning For The Future1123 Words   |  5 Pagesthe time when Orwell started writing Nineteen Eighty-Four, WWII was just coming to an end. The late 40’s was also the start of the Cold War. 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Something shown once in film can hardly sway someone view on a topic. However, the continuous repetition of a cut out stereotype has the power to make minds think a certain way. Since the beginning of Cinema, that has been the case of viewing the people of ArabianRead MoreThe War Of The World War II1240 Words   |  5 Pagesones. One of the bloodiest battles in World War II was on June 6, 1944 on Omaha , Juno, Gold,    Sword, and Utah beaches to free France from the Nazis and make them surrender.(D-Day by Martha Brack Martin) People have been told that the cause of the war was because Hitler believed in the perfect race. This may be  true, but  others have different reasons. Dwight D. Eisenhower entered the war to help plan for D-Day and lead them into the war. He was responsible for the whole thing. Franklin  RooseveltRead MoreThe Holocaust And The Plague By Albert Camus1499 Words   |  6 Pagessuccess† (â€Å"Escapes and reports†). That means for 732 people escaping did not work, but staying also would have killed them in a camp that killed anyone who did anything wrong. Sometimes, Nazis killed people for being too small because they were not strong enough or for their age because of a lack of work ethic. The Nazis starved people to death, and then if they could not fulfill the physical demand, they would be killed. Similarly to the plague, some people died while trying to run away from the areas

The Impact of Cell Phone Radiation on Our Health - 3234 Words

Cell phones represent a type of technology that has been around for more than over fifty years; it has only been recently that many people began to use cell phones as a major part of their everyday life. In the past cell phones were for business people to conduct their business, but in today’s society every one owns a cell phone. Cell phones are interesting, useful and also play a major role in our life’s bringing people closer and keeping in touch with one another. Most people do not know and understand the physics of a cell phone. Cell phones are also known as cellular phone, hand phone, and commonly known as a mobile phone. A cell phone is an electric device that can make and receive calls, over and automatic repeat request (radio link†¦show more content†¦High frequency to ------------------------------------------------------------------- Long wave length Electromagnetic Spectrum: Radio Waves: How they are made: Radio waves are made by a range of transmitter, depending on its wavelengths. They are also given off by stars, sparks and lightening that is why you can hear interference on your radio while in a thunderstorm. Uses: Radio waves are the lowest frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum, and are mainly used for communications with others. Dangers: Large doses of radio waves are believed to be dangerous it can cause you cancer, leukaemia and many other dangerous and fatal disorders which can cause you death. Some people have said that the very low frequency field from overhead power cables near their homes has affected their health. Cell phone antennae are not directional. Waves transmit in all directions, including your body The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to (can be detected by) the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. http://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/electromagnetic_spectrum.htm Report: For cell phones are not dangerous? Cell phones expose us to a form of electromagnetic called radio frequency energy.Show MoreRelatedImportance Of Cell Phone Safety Essay1056 Words   |  5 PagesThe cell phone safety In spite of the fact that cell phones convey a few expediency and advantages to our lives, they additionally have some possibly unsafe impacts. Disclosure of cell phones has been one of the critical technological progress lately. A portion of these effects has contributed emphatically to our lives, yet at the same time, others have affected contrarily. The cell phones have had a noticeable effect on the social life of individuals. In any case, cell phones have accompaniedRead MoreCan Cell Phones Harm our Health? Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesIs there dangerous radiation coming from our cell phones? Over the past few years there has been concern about our health when it comes to cell phones. Some people say that cell phones are dangerous because there is harmful radiation coming from them. Others say that cell phones are safe. However, cell phones emit 900-1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields during calls which effects the protein structures in mice and humans (Eid 573). Therefore, cell phones can be dangerous to humans. MostRead MoreCell Phone Radiation May Help Alzheimers Disease Essay1569 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Center which has abandoned the idea that cell phone radiation is detrimental to our health. The experiment studied the effects of cell phones on Alzheimers. Professor Arendash, started this study by noticing that the students in the hallway of the university had cell phones plastered to their ears. He set up the experiment with lab mice, beaming electromagnetic signals at them two hours a day, for eight months, this is the equivalent to daily phone use for 25 to 30 years for humans. The resultsRead MoreThe Increasing Rate Of Mobile Phones1080 Words   |  5 Pagesincreasing rate of mobile phone use can be detrimental and can cause many health related issues among adolescents. According to WebMD (2016), children and kids spend more than seven hours a day on their phones, which is nearly fifty hours per week. Nowadays, many children and kids are exposed to cell phones as being part of their daily lives: texting, calling, using them as alarm clocks, listening to music, watching videos, playing games etc. The radioactive waves exposed from cell phones poses many potentialRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Modern Communications751 Words   |  4 PagesFrom day to day, our world has been changed gradually form one condition to another. The revolution of new ideas always comes up to the minds of every person, especially the idea to improve technology which people need to make the living better. As the result, modern technology has been bringing people certain advantages such as ways for fast communication, the improvement of traveling, and good health care medical treatment. However, loneliness, world destruction weapons, pollution, and samenessRead MoreMobile Phones Are More of a Nuisance Than a Benefit. 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The mobile phones change the way of communication and life-style. people can get many other benefits from it such as games, camera, business. Therefore, it can be found that cellphones are used among people of all ages. Hardly can we image that without cellphonesRead MoreNegative Effects Of Mobile Phones On Young People937 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology has made a lot of changes in the life of people. The mobile phones that are the main part of every person in life and it was invented by Martin Cooper in 1973 who was an engineer in Motorola Company (Goodwin, 2017). The first phone was around 1.1kg and 228.6x127x44.4mm (Goodwin, 2017). With the variation, every year new phones are being invented with some new features. This essay is going to discuss about how the mobiles phones are affecting young people life positively and negatively in theRead MoreE ssay on Telecommunication Towers and Antennas1343 Words   |  6 Pagesthe game. However, this problem long existed before the new Act became law and still today causes ill feelings worldwide. It is stated that over 80 percent of those who succumbed to different types of cancer lived within a third of a mile from cell phone antennaes. The cancers were found in the prostate, breasts, lungs, kidneys, liver, are the ones associated with exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). Yet, still they question the validity of whether or not RF causes problems within the communitiesRead MoreEffects Of Electromagnetic Radiation On Human Life853 Words   |  4 PagesElectromagnetic Radiation (EMR) on the humans health is one most significant concern in the world. The present paper recognize of the possible health hazard on the humanity by exposure of Electromagnetic radiations (EMR). Potential of electromagnetic radiation can radiate through transmission lines which are very close t o human’s life. The effects of the radiations are classified to two main categories that are known as ionization and non-ionization radiation may have ionization radiations have high

Pakistan China Strategic Relation free essay sample

Strategic Relations Final Term Paper Background and History: Pakistan recognized china on 4 January, 1950. Pakistan and china bilateral relations are more powerful rather than others bilateral relations to other countries. China has always provided political, economic, diplomatic and support to Pakistan. Pakistan china diplomatic relations started in 21 May 1951. Whenever Pakistan suffered in natural disaster like earth quack and flood time China helped us a lot. The first Chinese ambassador came to Pakistan in September 1951 and Pakistani first ambassador went to china in Peking on November1, 1951. The first time Pakistani ambassador Major General Raza stressed and wished to develop the cordial relation with republic china. The further relations started between Pakistan and china at the Bandung Conference, a forum hosted by Indonesian President Sukarno in the Javanese city of Bandung in April 1955. This conference was give to strengthen the role of Afro-Asian nations against the imperialism. â€Å"On 15 June1956 premier Chou Eli remarked about the historic links between the people of Pakistan and China reaffirmed for friendly political ties with Pakistan. Pakistan adopted ‘One China Policy’ and strictly adapted to it. It served as s a reminder during the Cold War when Pakistan chose a separate path from its Western allies in articulating its policy towards China. The Karakaram highway was started jointly by both countries for trade purpose. That highway was completed in 20 years with the collaboration by both countries engineers. Now, that highway provided both countries motor able link for trade. That highway also gave the china access to Arabian Sea port of Karachi. Pak-china foreign policy gave the more strength to assign Sino-Pakistan Frontier Agreement 1963. These are labeled as an ‘all weather friendship, â€Å"deeper than the oceans` and ‘higher than the Himalayas†. The cornerstone of Pakistan foreign policy is Chinese friendship as Pakistan views this marvelous relationship beneficial not only in time of peace for progress and development but also in crises and conflicting situations to tackle them. China is the largest trade partner at bilateral level and regional level second largest partner in South Asia while India is the first. The people of Pakistan draw strength and feel satisfaction with relation of Chinese nation, which are not less than a miracle of modern era. Pakistan China Contemporary Policy: China helped the Pakistani Government a lot underground in 1965 war. China first time sent tranche of weapons in 1965 war. During the war china support was reliable and hopeful for Pakistani government. In 1997 Pakistan improved more relation with china and Pakistan got 1650 tanks, 269 aircrafts, 3 warship and 10 patrol craft. In Wah Industrial production factory 70% designs of the aircraft and other war tools are designing by Chinese. The relation has been gone at peek due to the marvelous foreign policy by both countries. In 2002 Pakistan china trade stood at US$2 billion and now it grew to US$6. 8 billion which shows the strength of both country relations. Pakistan and china has also made the JF-17 fighter aircraft jointly. During the Mushraf era in 2000 to 2005 Pakistan and china started 21 agreements which were covering nuclear energy, defense cooperation, technology sharing for warship, aircrafts and tanks. China also invested a huge investment at Gwadar. (Schofield U. B. , 2012) Pakistan and china has signed free trade agreement. China is also helping Pakistan in energy crises. Joint military exercise has been started between both countries. Pakistan Army has reached China to participate in third joint military training exercise, YOUYI III (Friendship). That kind of exercise has been designed to benefit from the professional skills employed by the two Special Forces Group at sub unit level. Those kinds of exercises are also creating the harmony and brotherhood between the both countries soldiers. The aim of the exercise is to practice counter terrorism mechanisms along with drills in mountains. Non-Proliferation and China Strategic Assistance to Pakistan: The china always supported Pakistan on Kashmir issue. China stood for the settlement of Kashmir issue in may 1957. Choun Eli made clear that â€Å"an imperialist design† and supported the self determination of Jammu and Kashmir. Chinese people follower and have the ideology of communism which was completely against the west countries. At that time Taiwan was represented the china in united nation. During that era Pakistan was playing a pivotal role and acting as a bridge between USA and China relations. China foreign policy priority was to stable strategic environment of economic growth of Pakistan. Chinese support Pakistan nuclear program. China is the only country that has been persistently helping Pakistan in the nuclear domain of power generation. China-Pakistan nuclear cooperation agreement signed in 1986; it is the agreement that forms the close relationship of nuclear technology transfer between China and Pakistan. 8China and Pakistan have never officially made this agreement public and disclose the specific transfer content of the nuclear technology. Western scholars draw the conclusion that China helped Pakistan develop nuclear weapons during this period mainly based on the information from those intelligence agencies of the United States as well as the western media reports, which might be suspected and exaggerated. China realizes the importance of Pakistan in the region. They well aware the role of Pakistan in Afghanistan and they think without help of Pakistan we cannot bring peace in Afghanistan. China acceded to the (NPT) in 1992 after France. General Tariq Majid, Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee termed Pakistan defense relations with China as excellent and unparalleled. He also mentioned the excellent relations existed between the PLA (People’s of Liberation Army) and Pakistan army. The reception was largely attended by the senior Pakistani military officials and Defense Attaches of various countries. (Haq, 2011). IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) pointed towards Pakistan for proliferating WMDs and no Muslim country supported us. It does mean that we should not delink ourselves from OIC but we should first seek our own national interest than we should look towards Umah. It is further alleged that Pakistan’s nuclearization has contributed to international terrorism. The US expressed serious concern regarding the authenticity of the control and command system and Pakistan’s ability to protect its nuclear assets. (Akbar, Feb. 2011) Pakistani Counter Terror Operation: Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao stepped in the Parliament House along with Speaker National Assembly Dr Fehmida Mirza and Senate Chairman Farooq H Naek, he was accorded a warm welcome by the parliamentarians, who stood up and the house echoed with loud thumping of desks to show affection and love of the people of Pakistan through their representatives for the Chinese people and prime minister. Take some pivotal step against Eastern Turkestan Islamic Moment (ETIM). Infect that Islamic moment is work in Turkestan and that moment also has some activist in Afghanistan. Pakistan started counter terror operation in swat, Dir, wazirstan against warrior groups Tehrek-e-Taliban Pakistan, Al-Qaida, Hizb-ul Mujhideen etc. China wants to continue the militant operation against terrorist groups. The reason is that china wants Pakistan as stable, peaceful and prosperous country because china knows the value and strategic location of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Infect china does not want NATO forces in Afghanistan because china thinks that forces infect kept the eye view on china. china’s ambassador to pakistan , Liu Jian said that growing cooperation in counter-terrorism initiatives was essential. He also said that â€Å"china will always stand by Pakistan†. (The Express Tribune,April 18, 2013). Conclusion: These internal foreign policy challenges need to be addressed by the policy makers of Pakistan. These all issues, challenges and threats can tear the fabric of our society if not considered seriously. Although any past government whether democratic or dictatorial could not ignore these issues and challenges at all due to public pressure but a clear cut line has also never been drawn in formulating the foreign policy on these critical issues. The shift in Pakistan’s foreign policy after September 11, has provoked an intense debate both at home and abroad. For Pakistan, joining the U. S led anti terrorist coalition reflected the major policy shift by withdrawing support from the Taliban government which has seen Pakistan as one of its leading allies. Pakistan shifted her policy and took U turn to preserve its strategic assets and national sovereignty. America is seeking important role of Pakistan’s chief external supporter due to war on terrorism. This is an opportunity to correct old mistakes. Pakistan should give the message to the terrorist groups without stopping the military operation in sawat, dir and wazirstan. If the military operation start with that spirit and enthusiasm then one day will come when in these areas the writ of government will not be challenged and areas people will live in peace and prosperous life. Pakistani government can decline the influence to give the jobs and develop the industry in this specific area. If the Pakistan foreign policy maker taken the decisions in isolation without considering and honoring the sentiments of Pakistani society, it will not only inflame public opinion but also create internal security problems. These problems can affect the nine years effort of coalition partners in Afghanistan. The fact of the matter is that without Pakistan assistance U. S will be not able to haunt the Al-Qaeda and Taliban elements. So it is the time to reconsider, reschedule and re-frame the foreign policy of Pakistan in the context of internal needs and challenges. BibliographySchofield, U. B. (2012). Pakistan The US, Geopolitics and Grand Strategies. London: Pluto Press. Haq, D. N. (2011, July 31). SIXTY YEARS OF PAK-CHINA DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS. Retrieved April 24, 2013, from http://www. ipripak. org: http://www. ipripak. org/factfiles/ff136. pdf Akbar, M. (Feb. 2011). Internal Challenges in New Millennium. Berkeley Journal of Social Sciences , 10.

LA VUELTA DEL MARTIN FIERRO Essays - , Term Papers

LA VUELTA DEL MARTIN FIERRO ENSAYO "LA MIRADA DEL GAUCHO VS. LA MIRADA DE HOY EN DIA" C uando comienza el segundo canto de la vuelta del Martin Fierro, podemos ver que este cuenta anecdotas no muy buenas; cuenta las cualidades del indio (que hasta recelaba de su propio aliento), como los recibieron a el y a Cruz de manera muy alborotada segun el, que sus chozas eran salvajes, incluso los clasificaban como brutos. Los gauchos interpretan al indio como un salvaje que se la pasa robando o echado de panza y que su unica ley es la lanza a que se ha de someter; lo que le falta en saber, lo suple con desconfianza. En el tercer canto habla de todos los gustos y odios del indio, y de sus acciones y cuidados tambien. Tambien habla de que nunca rie, y de que esta en contra del cristiano. Fierro, a lo largo, los sigue clasificando como salvajes, animales feroces, o directamente como si no fuesen personas. Dice que el indio nacio ladron e indio ladron muere, que hasta los nombres que tienen son de animales y fieras. Considera su forma de vivir como pobreza, y la clasifica como un ho rror. C uando Cristobal Colon invadio America (todos sabemos que no la "descubrio"), creyo haber llegado a la India, por lo cual, recurrio a las intenciones mas perversas e inhumanas. De alli, nacio la denominacion "indio" para designar a los originarios de America. Tambien se utilizaron palabras como "aborigenes", "indigenas" y "nativo" para estos pueblos. El vocabulario de esa epoca a hoy dia se hizo tan comun y nunca nadie se opuso universalmente que suela usarse de manera comun. Es mas, en clase, se suele escuchar que los "indigenas" eran los que habitaban America, o los "nativos americanos". Esta es una manera clasista y racista de ver a la gente, ya que Colon, ademas de invadir un continente y realizar crueles acciones sobre la gente de alli, las denomino como personas sin origen, o nacidas en la India. Para anadir, la palabra "descubrir" se usa para el hallazgo de algo nuevo, no para el hallazgo de algo que ya esta antes adquirido. En este caso, Colon lo que hizo fue destruir parte de America, ya que, con la esperanza de encontrar oro y riquezas, encontraron personas a las cuales realizaron actos horripilantes, ni hablar del genocidio. E n fin, la manera correcta de llamar a los habitantes de America es "pueblos originarios" ya que su origen es de alli. "Indio" deriva a persona nacida en India, esto fue clasificado por los europeos que invadieron America con Colon. "Aborigen" es que no tiene origen pero que vive en un lugar, en todo caso los aborigenes serian los europeos en America en esa epoca. "Indigena" significa "poblacion de alli", como si no fueran nadie, como si su existencia no tuviese valor. No deberiamos decir con normalidad ninguna de estas palabras mencionadas, salvo la primera, porque es ofensiva y discriminativa. Cristobal Colon era el que encarnaba la mirada de los europeos que terminaron siendo asesinos, ladrones, clasistas y racistas hacia los americanos.

COMMAS Essays - Linguistics, Syntax, Dependent Clause, Free Essays

COMMAS Essays - Linguistics, Syntax, Dependent Clause, Free Essays COMMAS Basics Most versatile punctuation mark in English Ways to use a comma: separating a list of three or more items setting off non-essential information linking closely-related independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction (i.e. FANBOYS) Lists (of Nouns, Modifiers) Commas can be used to separate items in a list or series Any list greater than 2 items requires commas between each item "I love Taylor Swift, Kanye, and Beyonce" requires commas because the list has 3 items. However, "I love Kanye and Beyonce" doesn't use a comma because it contains only 2 things...pretty simple, right? It's important to keep in mind that lists can be made of any part of speech "I wanted his hipster glasses, cargo shorts, and skater-boy shoes" lists nouns "I swam, biked, and ran in our school's triathlon" lists verbs "The skunk was big, hairy, and smelly" lists adjectives "I behaved foolishly, beastly, and wildly at the party" lists adverbs Remember: the ACT will always use the Oxford comma...don't forget! Non-Essential Information Commas often set off clauses not essential to the meaning of a sentence If this information appears in the beginning, it will be followed by a comma. If it's in the middle of the sentence, it will be surrounded by commas. It never appears at the end of a sentence In the beginning of sentence: "In May, I will buy a hoverboard." In the middle of sentence: "The man with the shady mustache, whom I saw walking down the street, kept winking at me." There are seven types of clauses that can be set off this way (bear with me here) Appositive : A noun phrase providing a specific description to a following piece of information "Abebe, a videogamer, coded his own videogame." "A videogamer" = specific description that follows "Jason." Relative clause : provides more information about noun it's describing contains who/whom/whose/which and a verb "Shonda, who typically likes fried chicken, only ate french fries when she went to KFC." John doing well on tests = extra information Participle clause : similar to a relative clause, but uses a participle to provide additional information - a participle being a verb ending in the "ing" suffix "Andres, eating grapes, choked and died." "Eating" = participle and "eating grapes" = participle clause Temporal clause : provides time for when something happened "When Lady Gaga comes to town, I'm going to dress up as an egg." The time I'll dress up as an egg = "when Lady Gaga comes to town" (temporal clause) Causal clause : provides cause of action "Because he saw a clown, he peed his pants." Seeing the clown caused him to pee his pants Contrast clause : provides contextual information, making events of the main clause unexpected "Although I'm not a superstar, I'm still divalicious." Words like "although," "however," "regardless of" = contrast Conditional clause : states that events of the main clause are dependent on something else (the effect of something else happening) "If I meet Zayn Malik, I'm going to give him my number." "If" = the conditional state. In general, look for "if/then" sentences TIP : Try reading the sentence without the information set off by commas. If it still makes sense afterwards, then the information was non-essential Comma + Coordinating Conjunction Commas connect two clauses that could be complete sentences on their own. This can ONLY be done when the two sentences are closely related The sentences "Ani drinks coffee every day" and "She's addicted to caffeine" could be joined since both relate to Ani's relationship with coffee However, "I never miss an episode of The Walking Dead" and "Conrad will go to Oologah, Oklahoma in October" have absolutely nothing to do with each other, so it doesn't make sense to combine these sentences IMPORTANT: For a comma to connect two complete sentences, the comma must be followed by a FANBOYS conjunction FANBOYS stands for: F or, A nd, N or, B ut, O r, Y et, S o Example 1: Clauses: "The dj started playing her set shortly after they turned up." "the dj" is the subject, "started" is the verb, and it represents a complete thought = independent clause "It took them longer than usual to

Rain man essays

Rain man essays In the 1988 film Rain Man it portrays a man ( Raymond Babbit) with autism. Throughout the movie Raymonds limitations and unusual exceptional abilities are shown. These consist of memories, calculations, environment as well as his behavior towards certain situations and people. One limitation Raymond possesses is how he responds to new environments and people, one example being when he met his brother Charlie and got nervous and began to recite baseball. Another incident being when he was asked, if $.50 is spent out of a dollar how much is left, and Raymond answered 75. This could mean he either cannot subtract or could not answer the question because of how it was asked. A third limitation of an average ability would be Raymonds need to have a set schedule. For instance, he needs to eat certain foods at a specific time, as well as watch his television shows (such as jeopardy) and needs to be in bed by eleven at night every night or he begins to panic. Spontaneous occurrences and things out of the ordinary scare him. A fourth problem of this particular case of autism is social communication. It takes Raymond a longer time to answer if he answers at all. One example of this would be the end of the movie where he is being asked many questions about where and who he wants to stay with. He has trouble understanding specifically what he is being asked and how to answer it. A fifth limitation is his reaction to situations he has never been put in. One of these being the fire alarm that went off, he overreacts because he doesnt know what else to do, also in the airport when he doesnt want to go on the plane because he knows it is not safe. When Raymond is put in situations that he knows are not safe he panics. Lastly of Raymond limitations are how he always repeats himself. It seems as though he does this to reassure himself rather than anyone else. Although Raymond Babbit has many limitations be ...

Behavioral Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Behavioral Economics - Essay Example Generally beliefs concerning the uncertain events are expressed by statements like "I think thator chances are etc. These are sometimes expressed in numerical form as odd or subjective probabilities. Heuristics are simple, efficient rules, fine-tuned by evolutionary processes or learned, which have been proposed to explain how people make decisions, judgments and solve problems, typically when facing serious problems or in case of inadequate information (Tversky, Kahneman,1124). People often follow a limited number of heuristic principles in day-to-day life, which reduces the process of assessing values and probabilities to much more simple judgmental operations. These heuristics are very useful but at times can leads to severe and systematic errors (Tversky, Kahneman, 1124). In case of representative heuristics (Tversky and Kahneman, 1126), the likelihood of an event is judged based upon the extent to which it represents the essential features of the parent population or the generating process. Representative heuristic is generally used by people to make judgment or impression about someone or something. (Koning, 1) It is usually employed while deciding the probability whether or not an object or event A belongs to class or process B. (Tversky and Kahneman, 1131) For illustration of representative heurist... he example of Steve who has been described by his neighbor as "very shy and withdrawn, invariably helpful but with little interest in people or in world of reality. A meek and tidy soul, he has a need for order and structure and a passion for detail. How are people going to judge the possible occupation of Steve from a list of possibilities (e.g. farmer, salesman, librarian, airline pilot or physician) In the representative heuristic, the probability of is assessed by the degree to which he is representative of, or similar to, in this case say a librarian, the stereotype of a librarian. Research with similar type of problems shows that probability and similarity plays equal important role in case of occupation of people. This method of arriving at a particular decision based on the similarity or the representativeness leads to erroneous results affecting the ultimate outcome because similarity is not influenced by the factors which influence judgment probability (Tversky and Kahneman , 1131). There are some drawbacks of representative heuristic which can be rectified by considering the following parameters. Insensitivity to prior probability of outcomes (Base-rate neglect): The base rate fallacy, also called base rate neglect, is an error that occurs when the conditional probability of some hypothesis given some evidence is assessed without taking sufficient account of the "base rate" or "prior probability" of hypothesis (Wikipedia). The prior probability or base-rate frequency of the final decision has a great deal of effect on the probability. In the above example, the fact that there are many more farmers than librarians in the population should be considered while judging, for an estimation of probability that Steve is a librarian rather than a farmer. People tend

A History of Mathematics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A History of Mathematics - Essay Example His idea used as basis the fact that the Greek mathematicians of his time knew how to square regular polygons. He proposed that if a regular polygon were to be inscribed in a circle, and if the number of sides of the polygon were doubled again and again, the polygon would eventually become indistinguishable from the circle. This solution was still incorrect, because making the polygon coincide with the circle required an infinite number of permutations. The Europeans of the Renaissance, Leonardo da Vinci among them, tried in vain to solve the problem. They did not realize that it was impossible to square a circle using the straight edge and compass method. The Scottish mathematician James Gregory (1638 - 1675) proposed that the ratio of the area of any sector of a circle to that of inscribed or circumscribed regular polygons cannot be expressed with a finite number of terms, thus concluding that squaring the circle is impossible. Ferdinand von Lindemann (1852 - 1939) published in 1882 his proof that pi is not an algebraic, but a transcendental number (not a solution of any polynomial with rational coefficients). This essentially means that there is no way to determine if any physical object or quantity has an exact measure of pi (regardless of the unit system). Because squaring the circle involves the use of pi, Lindemann's proof ended the quest for the plane technique of squaring the circle. Trisecting an Angle Another classic mathematical problem is that of trisecting an angle, again with the restriction of using only an unmarked straight edge and a compass. Although there are certain angles that can be trisected with this method, the problem is to trisect an arbitrary angle. It has been proven that this is impossible. It can be solved, however, without the said restriction. There is no certainty of when this specific problem first arose. It is known that Hippocrates in the 5th century B.C. considered the problem. For centuries the problem of trisecting an angle (using Euclidean constructions) was pondered upon by mathematicians, but these early mathematicians focused on plane methods of trisecting an arbitrary angle, and thus failed. The first known mathematician who worked on the problem was the Greek Hippias (460 - 400 BC). He came up with the curve called the quadratix, which was originally used for squaring the circle, and was also used to solve the problem of angle trisection. Archimedes (287 - 212 BC) came up with a curve, the Archimedean spiral, and also used it to solve the problem. The Greek mathematician Nicomedes (280 - 210 BC) also worked on the problem. He came up with the curve known as the conchoid, and used it for angle trisection. These solutions, however, break the straight-edge-and-compass restriction. It was only in 1837 that it was proven that there is no solution for the original problem of trisecting any angle with only an unmarked straight edge and a compass. The French mathematician Pierre Wantzel proved the impossibility of solving the problem under the straight edge and compass restriction. Antiphon Antiphon was an orator, writer, teacher, and philosopher. He was a contemporary of Socrates. He died, like Socrates, because of political troubles. There

Police Corruption Essay Example for Free

Police Corruption Essay Corruption is a complex problem having its roots and ramifications in society as a whole. Corruption is defined as â€Å"improper or selfish exercise of power and influence attached to a public office or to a special position one occupies in public life† Definition of corruption is sufficiently broad to include a range of such activities: â€Å"A public official is corrupt if he accepts money or money’s worth for doing something he is under a duty to do anyway, that he is under a duty not to do, or to exercise a legitimate discretion for improper reasons.† [McMullan (1961: 183-4)]    Punch (1985) broadens this definition in two ways. He defines corruption as occurring: â€Å"When an official receives or is promised significant advantage or reward (personal, group or organizational) for doing something that he is under a duty to do anyway, that he is under a duty not to do, for exercising a legitimate discretion for improper reasons, and for employing illegal means to achieve approved goals.† Punch has broaden the definition in the way that corruption is not always individual it can be in group or organizational and sometimes it also involves illegal means to achieve the goals.   Corruption in one form or other has always existed in the country. The Bofors, HDW Submarine deal, Airbus deal, ABB Loco deal, Jain Hawala Racket, Sugar scam, Security scam, Urea scam, Fodder scam, etc., are a few example of corruption in various departments. The tentacles of corruption have spread to the system of governance –from civil-political-military. Thus no institution can claim itself to be free from corruption. It has now become the part of life and is a problem that has and will continue to affect us all, whether we are civilians or law enforcement officers.   Unlike the other executive wings of the government, the police,  Ã‚  Ã‚   which have maximum visibility in the society, are a pet theme for such corruption. In police, corruption is usually viewed as the misuse of authority by a police officer while in duty to fulfil personal needs or wants. Few facts about police corruption: It is: Pervasive – corrupt practices are found in some form in a great many police agencies in all societies; A continuing problem – there is evidence of corrupt practices from all stages of police history; Not simply a problem of the lower ranks – corruption has been found at all levels of the police organization; Not simply financial: activities (including ‘process’ activities) extending beyond bribery and extortion have been found. For a corrupt act to occur, three distinct elements of police corruption must be present simultaneously:   1) Misuse of authority,   2) Misuse of official capacity   3) Misuse of personal attainment. (Dantzker, 1995: p 157) It can be said that power inevitably tends to corrupt, and it is yet to be recognized that, while there is no reason to suppose that policemen as individuals are any less fallible than other members of society, people are often shocked and outraged when policemen are exposed violating the law. General police deviance can include brutality, discrimination, sexual harassment, intimidation, and illicit use of weapons. Police corruption is a universal problem that has its regime in many countries and is a recurring issue that cannot simply be away by repressive measures. Police officers are the state made flesh and plays a role of law enforcers, problem solvers and the most direct representatives of the state. They give their visible, uniformed, 24-hour presence on the streets and their crucial involvement in social intervention and law enforcement. If they are corrupt, then the citizens will lose their confidence in them. Police corruption is not an individual aberration it can takes place from patrol to chief and can be generated by the organization itself. Corruption within police departments falls into 2 basic categories, which are external corruption and internal corruption. External corruption: It involves the relation of police with the public and can involve one or more of the following activities: Payoffs to police: By essentially non-criminal elements who fail to comply with stringent statutes or city ordinances; (for example, individuals who repeatedly violate traffic laws). By individuals who continually violate the law as a method of making money (for example, prostitutes, narcotics addicts and pushers, professional burglars). 2) Clean Graft where money or courtesy discounts or gratitude is paid to police for services. Internal corruption: It is the relationship between various officers within the police department. Police corruption comes in various shapes and sizes from the major drug trafficking and money laundering to looking the other way on minor everyday violations of the law. The typology of police corruption given by Roebuck and Barker (1974) has eight categories, to which Punch (1985) has added a ninth one (Table I). TABLE I Types and dimensions of police corruption. Types   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dimensions 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Corruption of authority  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚              2.   ‘Kickbacks’  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3. Opportunistic theft      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4. ‘Shakedowns’         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5. Protection of illegal activities      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   6. ‘The fix’      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   7. Direct criminal activities         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   8. Internal payoffs      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   9. ‘Flaking’ or ‘padding’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When officers receive some form of material gain by virtue of their position without violating the law per se (e.g. free drinks, meals, services) Receipt of goods, services or money for referring business to particular individuals or companies Stealing from arrestees (‘rolling’), from traffic accident victims, crime victims and the bodies or property of dead citizens Acceptance of a bribe for not following through a criminal violation – not making an arrest, filing a complaint or impounding property Police protection of those engaged in illegal activities (prostitution, drugs, pornography) enabling the business to continue to operate Undermining of criminal investigations or proceedings, or the ‘losing’ of traffic tickets A police officer commits a crime against person or property for personal gain ‘in clear violation’ of both departmental norms and criminal law Prerogatives available to police officers (holidays, shift allocations, promotion) are bought, bartered and sold Planting of or adding to evidence (particularly but not exclusively in drugs cases; Punch 1985)    Causes of the police corruption: To find out the causes of police corruption one has to focus on the nature and the kind of police work. One of the old explanation suggests that corruption is the product of â€Å"Bad Apple† i.e. corruption is due to few number of police officers who are quite unrepresentative of the wider standards exhibited by the organization. Factors of police corruption: Constant factors Variable factors Constant factors include the following: Discretion: The exercise of discretion is argued to have both legitimate and illegitimate bases. Low managerial visibility A police officer’s actions are often low in visibility as far as line management is concerned. Low public visibility Much of what police officers do is not witnessed by members of the public. Peer group secrecy ‘Police culture’ is characterized by a high degree of internal solidarity and secrecy. Managerial secrecy Police managers have generally worked themselves up from the ‘beat’ and share many of the values held by those they manage. Status problems Police officers are sometimes said to be poorly paid relative to their powers. Association with lawbreakers: Police officers inevitably come into contact with a wide variety of people who have an interest in police not doing what they have a duty to do. Variable factors Community structure: Refers to the degree of ‘anomie’, the political ‘ethos’, and the extent of culture conflict. Organizational characteristics: Levels of bureaucracy, integrity of leadership, solidarity of work subcultures, moral career stages of police officers, and the perception of legitimate opportunities. Legal opportunities for corruption: Moral: so-called ‘victimless crimes’ (Schur, 1965) associated with the policing of ‘vice’. Regulative: the exploitation of minor or trivial regulations such as those associated with construction, traffic and licensing. Corruption controls: How the guardians are themselves ‘guarded’. Social organization of corruption: Two basic forms: ‘arrangements’ and ‘events’. ‘Moral cynicism’: Association with lawbreakers and contact with temptation is inevitable in police work, inclining officers towards moral cynicism. Corruption control and Prevention: Basically controlling corruption is the only way that we can really limit corruption, because corruption is the by-product of the individual police officer, societal views, and, police environmental factors. Therefore control must come from not only the police department, but also must require the assistance and support of the community members. Controlling corruption from the departmental level requires a strong leadership organization, because corruption can take place anywhere from the patrol officer to the chief. Various strategies can be followed to control corruption viz., : Human resource management: It includes amendment of the existing system, training and implementation of new procedures.   Anti-corruption policies: Includes policies that would codify the standards of behavior of staff and outline the general parameters of the organization’s response to the problem. Internal controls: Emphasizes on detection and punishment of the wrong doings. External environment and external controls: Involves the attempt to encourage the public to be more vigilant and more willing to report suspicions of corruption. Although the police department have to solve the problem of corruption on their own still some support and assistance from local community is required. Public should be given knowledge regarding the negative effects of corruption on their police agency. They should be taught even ‘gratitude’ i.e. the most basic and common form of police corruption acts as a catalyst for more and future corruption. Earlier we use to think that corruption is a temporary, exceptional ‘problem’ which can be removed by ‘surgical’ treatment, as if it was a malignant cancer, to restore an otherwise healthy agency (the ‘bad apple’ metaphor), but now things have shifted to see corruption as   universal and as forming a permanent concern. All measures to control corruption have to take place in presence of sound leadership, sufficient resources and a battery of measures that should all be reinforcing the same mission and message. Thus it is the healthy leadership which is important and a focus on front-line supervision over the essential primary processes at the base of the organization is required. The police organization deals with people in trouble and people who cause trouble thus its cutting-edge is formed by uniformed officers and detectives in situations of low visibility. There has to be a persistent, patient emphasis on integrity and professional standards and on pushing the message that a corrupt policeman is a criminal, that he or she lets down colleagues and the profession, and that ‘noble-cause’ corruption is self-defeating. This is because, when it is exposed, it makes it more difficult to secure convictions and makes police methods suspect (Rose 1996). Vigilance and realism must be the watchwords of the police administrator seeking to control corruption. The emphasis, then, is on pride, professionalism, standards of competence and performance, legitimacy and of gaining and retaining confidence. Conclusion: To curb the widespread social evil, called corruption the efforts will have to come from both the police and the civil society. Society members should be educated about the negative effects of corruption within the police force and its long term disadvantages. For controlling corruption the police department requires an organization lead by people of strong character and who have good leadership qualities. The departmental goal should be well defined and should be pursued earnestly. According to today’s situation there is more urgent need to address basic issues like improving the working conditions of the police persons, inhumanly long working hours, the inadequate police-population ratio, a pay structure which is not proportional to the work allocated and, the disproportionately low budget for meeting the day to day expenses. All these are some major factors which are responsible for contributing to the image of the Police Force as insensitive and a corrupt organization. As long as citizens are willing to go along with corrupt police officers, just for the reason to obtain favors, there is no way in which corruption can be curbed . Some effective steps should be taken to make the picture cleaner and corruption free for the future generation. Thus one should not perceive corruption and other forms of police misconducts as individual aberrations of an incidental character that can be effectively banished by temporary, repressive measures. Reform of the police is the part of the reform of the society. It is important to focus on corruption control and to open our eyes to other insidious forms of police misconduct and even serious police crime. References: Punch Maurice (2000), Police Corruption And Its Prevention: European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 8: 301–324. Newburn Tim, Understanding and Preventing Police Corruption:Lessons from the Literature; Research, Development and Statistics Directorate 50 Queen Anne’s Gate London SW1H 9AT. Bracey, D. H. (1992) ‘Police corruption and community relations: Community policing’ in Police Studis Vol 15 No 4, 179-183. Sayed, T. and Bruce, D. (1998a) ‘Police corruption: Towards a working definition’ in African Security Review Vol 7 No 1, 3-14. Thomas KV (2004), Corruption in Indian Police. Holloway Brandon(2002),Police Corruption (2002, November).   Police brutality, the copcrimes homepage for law enforcement and government corruption. Available: http://www.copcrimes.com/homepage.html

Analysis of UBS Stock Price Essay -- UBS Financial Case Study

BS Analysis UBS Financials The table below presents a few of the most important financial key statistics of UBS as of 11 Mar 2014 (currency in USD). Income Statement Revenue (TTM) 33.43B Revenue (Quarterly YOY Growth) 1.95% EPS Diluted (TTM) 0.8985 Net Income (TTM) 3.651B Profitability Profit Margin (Quarterly) 14.50% Dividend Dividend Yield 1.36% Dividend 0.28 Current Valuation Market Cap 80.45B Enterprise Value 64.84B Price to Book Value 1.494 P/E (TTM) 23.6 EPS (TTM) 0.89 Other Beta 1.79 Figure 1 - UBS Financial Key Statistics UBS Strategy & Achievements Given the changing operating and regulatory environment and the issues encountered as described in section 2 above, UBS has finalized a new strategy for the group at the end of 2011 in order to properly address such challenges – according to the Board Members & CEO letter to shareholders included within the 2012 Annual Report. The board members and CEO considered this strategy should focus on the firm’s guiding principles regarding client focus, capital strength, enhanced risk controls and concentration on improving operational efficiency. The business of UBS will continue to focus on wealth management businesses and leading universal bank in Switzerland, complemented by Global Asset Management and the Investment Bank. Acting upon this strategy, several group-wide cost reduction and efficiency measures were implemented while operational risk controls were also highly strengthened. One of the main focus points of the bank was the implementation of the new Basel III requirements and has reached the following levels of performance as of end of 2012: Item UBS (end of 2012) Basel III Requirement Equity tier 1 ratio (fully applied) 9... .... All in all, I believe investing in UBS shares for long-term is a good strategy for obtaining higher future returns. Works Cited http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UBS , 11 March 2014 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UBS , 11 March 2014 Financial Stability Board, Peer Review of Switzerland, Review Report, 2012, https://www.financialstabilityboard.org/publications/r_250112.htm Financial Stability Board, Peer Review of Switzerland, Review Report, 2012, https://www.financialstabilityboard.org/publications/r_250112.htm Figure taken from 2012 UBS Annual Report http://ycharts.com/companies/UNLYF , 11 March 2014 https://www.google.com/finance?q=nyse:UBS, 13 March 2014 2012 UBS Annual Report Fourth Quarter 2013 UBS Report http://www.ubs.com/1/e/unauthorizedtrading.html, 11 March 2014 Zacks Investment Research, www.zacks.com, 15 Jan 2014

How Great Companies Think Differently

Strategic Management How Great Companies Think Differently Making money has long been the ultimate aim of a business. This capitalism vision has influenced the majority of corporations limit their goals in generating the highest profits and returns to owners, regardless the health and safety of employees, the environment, and general public. An institutional logic, therefore, has been raised by professor of Harvard Business School-Kanter. Unlike traditional practices, this logic addressed a successful company is a vehicle for enhancing societal welfares, rather than only a machine to make money.Not only can most well-established companies distribute sound returns to shareholders, but also build long-lasting institutions. In high-performing business, both institutional logic and economic logic are critical to operations and strategic decision making. There are six fields mentioned in the passage, which are a common collaborative purpose, a enduring focus, emotional engagement, partner ing with society, innovation, and self- organization-changing corporate and leadership behavior at all, as well as constructing the base of a solid and stable competitive advantage.Effective governance that ties the decisions of managers up with the interests of shareholders can help develop a competitive advantage. (Ireland, P. 250) The article, however, suggests a different way of governing the corporate, which I think is more comprehensive to develop a sustained institution. In order to ensure continuous returns, a company need to empower the employees, engage emotion, lead based on esteem, and contribute to related community. Corporate social responsibility, actually, should be internalized as the governance mechanism.As far as the business can offer, it is aimed at satisfying the needs of customers and continuous value creation. A company, therefore, should create an identity, which can reflect the standing values, for the people to recognize what it is and how it will achieve. For example in Hong Kong, Hang Seng Bank has a non-profit educational institution called Hang Sang School of Commerce in Shatin. It is aimed at providing professional business education and to equip personnel with capability, solicitude, conscientiousness and creativity.It aligns the goals of Hang Seng Bank in pursuit of excellence for the customers and common good for Hong Kong society. It is wise for a business to focus on long term sustainable development by performing ethical roles to society. When Hang Seng Bank educates and nurtures the next generations, it can also benefits from recruitment of quality employees from Hang Sang School of Commerce. This secures the future development of Hang Seng Bank, which would keep going with its ultimate goals. The morale of the employees, indeed, is a key determined factor for a successful corporate.In Hang Sang School of Commerce, it is obvious that all teachers want to educate the best students—to get the more â€Å"A†s, s o that they can also be rewarded from promotion and bonus. Associated with social enterprise is also critical to build an enduring institution. Through demonstrating the company's commitment to furthering the development of the countries, the company can get supports from public and know more about the preferences of the residents. Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong), holds marathon races every year, demonstrating the core value of Hong Kong—diligence.Honestly, Standard Chartered has customized services with high efficiency and effectiveness. It has won numerous awards in Hong Kong and Asia, such as best employee engagement, bet retail bank and so on. It would probably the attributes of intensive involvement in social affairs. Extending the corporate social responsibility in a creative way can explore new business opportunities. There is annual Employee Volunteering Month in Standard Chartered to encourage the staff in taking part in any kind of volunteering services, such as drum event with special educational needs students at Shatin Public School.The interaction of corporate individuals with society can further institution-building goals by the way of expressing corporate values and producing valuable learning. By devolving authority and responsibility to employees, an institution can benefit from self-discipline of employees their own. When the jobs are controlled by themselves, employees are more willing to devote their greatest efforts to the company. As a result, the corporate can also gain from some fresh ideas and maximum fulfillment of employees.To conclude, this article is worth for reading that it proposed building an enduring institution, rather than a short-sighted profit-making machine. Success is accumulated from every drop of human effort. Laying the groundwork of social responsibility can reciprocally develop a sustained corporation. (Total: 726 words) Works Cited: Ireland, R. D. The Management of Strategy : Concepts. 9th ed. / R. Duan e Ireland, Robert E. Hoskisson, Michael A. Hitt. ed. Singapore]: South-Western/Cengage Learning, 2011. Print. Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. â€Å"How Great Companies Think Differently. †Ã‚  Harvard Business Review  89. 11 (2011): 66-78.Business Source Complete. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. â€Å"Corporate Responsibility† Hang Seng Bank. n. d. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. ;http://bank. hangseng. com/1/2/about-us/corporate-responsibility/corporate-responsibility; â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility – Hong Kong† Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited. n. d. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. standardchartered. com. hk/sustainability/en/; â€Å"Standard Chartered drums up Employee Volunteering Month By Visiting Special Needs School † Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited. 8 May. 2012. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. standardchartered. com. hk/news/2012/press_20120509. pdf;

Police Diversity Essay

Racial discrimination is an issue that so many professionals know about. Dealing with it may be the problem, but attempts to deal with it have been shown since the early times when it was noticed. According to Zeisel, there is evidence that the federal courts of appeal have been urged to take action on the administration of death sentences. Zeises notes that the death sentences in the federal courts, which he writes as a Florida experience, were administered discriminating against the black people (1981). In his writing, Zeisel states that two petitioners had provided evidence showing that the black offenders were being discriminated. The petitioners are, Maxwell V. Bishop who provided evidence to show that the black offenders were being discriminated against, and a petitioner in Spinkerllink v. Wainwright, who provided data showing that murderers of the white people were being discriminated against. This report by the petitioner from Spinkerllink indicated that there were high chances of murderers of the white to end up in death rows than murderers of the black people Zeisel, 1981). This though never received any action as the courts are noted to have refused to obtain evidence of racial discrimination. Zeisel notes that the data available in the criminal justice system of Florida, prove that there have been such kinds of discrimination (1981). This is a case that was identified in the 1980’s, but does it exist today? Has the system changed? Racial discrimination has been a major problem in most federal courts with most minorities, especially the black people, facing cruel judgments than the white people. Some reports indicate that more blacks are found behind bars than whites considering their number in the total American population. The people are few in number, yet if the number of people in prison is compared to the white people in prison, they are almost half the whites total. This is the aim of this paper. Analysis of data about arrests made in Florida will be done to determine if the minorities are arrested more and if still, there is racial discrimination. Data to be analyzed was obtained from the Florida department of Law enforcement, which was recorded in the year 2004 by UCR. Analysis Do minority commit more crimes? According to the statistics on arrests by age and race in Florida, there are several offenses for which the white, Indians and the black people were arrested. Whites constituted a bigger group of people arrested with a total of 672,987, this is followed by the black people who were a total of 351,871. The total Indians arrested were 1,496 (Department of Law Enforcement, 2005). There are some offenses that no Indian was arrested at all, for example bribery and embezzlement. Comparing this to the other groups, a total of 38 whites were arrested for bribery and 20 black people for the same offense. In the case of embezzlement, 363 blacks were arrested while 749 whites were arrested(Department of Law Enforcement, 2005. The offense categorized as miscellaneous had the highest number of offenders with 299, 442 white offenders, 159,378 black offenders and 1,034 Indian offenders. Drug arrest and simple assault also had high numbers of offenders. White people arrested for simple assault were 60, 018, while the black offenders in this case were 29,650, and the Indian offenders arrested for this case were 89. Drug arrests had these numbers; whites 84,829, black people 65,167 and Indians 112 (Department of Law Enforcement, 2005. These are examples from the data obtained about arrests made in the year 2004 under various offenses. Generally, the minority, which in this case is the black people, committed more crime. This is because the number of black people in Florida compared to the total population is small. Research reports show that in the year 2000, the percentage of non white people was 17. 8. The total population of Florida then was 15,982,824 (Schenker, 2008). From this data, it means that the non white people were only 2,844,943. This includes even the Indians. The population in the year 2007 is noted to be 18,680,367 indicating a growth of 16. 9%. This means that on average, each year, there was an approximate growth increase of 449,591 making an approximate of 177, 811,88 total population of Florida as at 2004. The rate of increase of the the non white population per year is approximated as 0. 31% (8,819) based on the fact that the total percentage increase of the total population by 2010 is 19. 8% (Schenker, 2008). This means that the total non white population based on the yearly increase was approximately 2,880,219 in 2004. If this population is compared with the approximated total population in 2004, then the number of non white people is small compared to white. This is proof that more blacks commit more crimes according to the data from the Florida Department of Law Enforcement. An example is in drug arrests. The number of white people arrested in this case is 84, 829. The total number of white people if approximated in the year 2004 was 14,900,969. From this the percentage of the white people arrested is 0. 569%. If this is compared to the number of black people arrested which is 65,167 on drug arrests, the percentage arrested to the nonwhite population is 2. 263%. This calculation is done using the total of non white people which includes Indians. If the number of Indians were excluded, then it means the total percentage would be higher. From this calculation, the number of black people arrested is higher by 1. 694%. How can this be judged? That these people commit more crimes? According to several sources, there have been so many cases of discrimination against black people living in America. This could just be a proof to it. It is though just an assumption since the number of people arrested cannot prove that the people are being discriminated against, though is a strong indication. Domnitiz and Knowles noted after research that black people were found to be guilty in police practices more than the white people. The economists note that â€Å"unbiased police practices as the police plans to do, can not prove that the guilt rates of motorists will be equalized among all races† This implies that however much the police try to show that they do not practice any racism in their policing, there is still knowledge by the public that there is racial discrimination in police practices. Domnitiz and Knowles indicated that motor vehicle search statistics show that the black motorists are singled out more that the white people (2006). The above case could therefore be considered as racial discrimination. Conclusion  From the above analysis, it is quite evident that there is racism. Just from the many sources that information is obtained, most of the cases are just indicating discrimination against the black people. In some sources though, black policemen were also found to be discriminative (Jaynes and Williams, 2007). This though is not indicated in the discussion but is an indication that even the black can discriminate against the other races. It may be therefore that, discrimination is due to the fact that the black are a minority. It is not easy to conclude this way though as there are other races in Florida too. What then can be the reason?

ISHAYA AJET HOSEA Essays (3056 words) - Health, Health Economics

ISHAYA AJET HOSEA Essays (3056 words) - Health, Health Economics ISHAYA AJET HOSEA 130151 CPBLG Investing in Africa's Future College of Business, Peace, Leadership and Governance Health Policy and Health Care in Africa (PGP516) Analysis of Nigeria's Healthcare System Lecturer: Prof. Pamela Machakanja Question: Due date: 5 th March, 2017 INTRODUCTION Nigeria faces a number of development challenges, of which poverty holds a central place. Indeed, the country is a land of paradox inasmuch as poverty is concerned. While Nigeria is a leading oil-producing nation and highly endowed in terms of various natural resources, the majority of her people are economically poor. As recent national data shows, over one-third of Nigerians (35%) live in extreme poverty while 54% are relatively poor. More than half of the Nigerian populations live on less than a dollar a day. In view of the extent and depth of poverty in the land, it should not be surprising that the health status of the country is poor, with an average life expectancy of only 46.6 years. According to the (Human Development Report, 2008) Nigeria is in the low human development index category and ranks 154 out of 179 countries, behind some West African countries with less economic potentials such as Ghana, Cameroon, and Senegal, which are in the medium human developmen t category. Key Terms: Sustainability, Health, Burden, Insurance, cover Executive Summary COUNTRY FACTS (2018 ) Population: 190,632,261 Life Expectancy at Birth Total : 53.8 years Male: 52.8 years Female : 55 years Infant Mortality Rate (Live Births) Total : 69.8 deaths/1,000 Male : 74.5 deaths/1,000 Female : 64.8 deaths/1,000 Health Expenditures: 3.7% of GDP (2014) (Source: CIA World Fact Book, 2017) The health system of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is currently in need of full evaluation. This is in order for new and revisited policies to fine-tune the wants of the forthcoming shift in infection pattern due to an epidemiological circumference (incidence, distribution, and control of diseases.) This means that the trouble of disease shifts away from communicable diseases like HIV/AIDS to non-communicable diseases but most recurring like diabetes. The contemporary health system is not fully built and equipped for the growing number of chronic diseases attacking the growing population of the country. Health care can be delivered at low cost, but in the current case, public health care delivery is notably inefficient and more expensively delivered by the private. This puts pressure on the financial situation of the health system. Therefore, policies in Nigeria's public health should focus more on providing access on a large scale. On that account, reinventing the parameters of operations of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) should aim at availing health access with ease for all and put more considerations into sicknesses that are considered minor. To achieve this objective, health facilities need further support by the government of the federation to enhance training and proficiency and a comprehensive focus on diseases. In addition, budgetary allocation towards heal ought to increase and be equally distributed across the nation THE ILLUSIVE STATE OF NIGERIA'S HEALTH CARE Slow Adoption of Information Technology Information technology is poised to bring about a significant transformation in the nation's health system, with the Internet serving as a major agent of change. The Quality Chasm report stresses that the automation of clinical, financial, and administrative transactions is essential to improving quality, preventing errors, enhancing consumer confidence in the health system, and improving efficiency (Institute of Medicine, 2001b). That report and others, as well as the plenary address at the summit by William Richardson, identify key areas in which a communications and information technology infrastructure could contribute greatly to enhancing the health care system (Institute of Medicine, 2001a; National Research Council, 2000). These potential contributions include enhancing clinical decision making by making real-time data available, increasing communication among providers and with patients through such approaches as remote medical consultations, collecting and aggregating clinical information and evidence into accessible information databases, facilitating patient access to reliable health information, and reducing medical errors. Failure to Address Growing Consumerism Among Patients There has been a growing consumerism in health care, exemplified by increases in access to health information o n the Internet and other media. Largely as a result of the Internet, patients and their families are now better educated and informed

Compare and Contrast the American and French Revolutions

Compare and Contrast the American and French Revolutions Both the American and French Revolutions were focused around liberty and equality. Both countries were trying to gain freedom. America was trying to gain freedom from the rules and taxes put upon them by Great Britain. Whereas the French wanted to abolish the French monarchy and create a better government in which the people could have more of a say in society. Although the revolutions of both started for very similar reasons, and both countries fought for the same thing, the outcomes of the two were very different.The American Revolution was mainly focused on gaining independence. After the British victory during the Seven Year War, America was tied down from the British rules. America was obligated to pay off the war, and to pay the high taxes that British Parliament assigned. The British enforced the Stamp Act on the Americans. The stamp tax levied taxes on commercial and legal documents, such as, diplomas, pamphlets, newspapers, almanacs, dice, and playing cards.This (attributed to ) originally appeared during t...

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Film and Literature Essay Example for Free

Film and Literature Essay Literature and film feed at the same breast, considering the affinities between them. Since its very beginning, Hollywood has used works of fiction as source material for films. One of the most discussed adaptations is Francis Ford Coppola’s Film Apocalypse Now (1979) based on Joseph Conrad’s novel Heart of Darkness (1902). This paper compares and contrasts these works of art, arguing that while there are obvious differences, the film generally general remains true to the core meaning of the novel. One can say that Coppola’s film is a thematic and structural analogue to Conrads novel. Differences On the surface it seems that Apocalypse Now deviates largely Heart of Darkness. The differences can be seen in settings, events, characters, and other snippets of information such as quoted lines and strange actions of the major characters. The settings of the two stories are different and written in different periods of time. The setting of Conrads late nineteenth century novel is the Belgian Congo in the 1890s. By contrast, Coppolas 1979 film takes place in Southeast Asia in the 1960s during the Vietnam War. In addition, the novel centers on Charles Marlow, a British sailor employed by a European trading company as captain of one of their steamboats, whereas the film focuses on an American army officer, Benjamin Willard. Another major difference is that the ivory traders are in the Congo of their own greed and free will, whereas the American soldiers are drafted into Vietnam and engage in the war against their will. At the first glance, there seem to be character differences in the novel and film – Copollas Willard is nothing like Conrads Marlow. In the novel, Marlow is very eager to meet Kurtz and perhaps gain knowledge about the secrets of the ivory trade in the former Zaire. On the other hand, Willard seems to have a death wish. Copolla portrays Willard as a depressed human, having a soldiers killer instinct, throughout the entire film. The effectiveness of point of view also differentiates the novel and the film. While it is true that Willard remains on the screen more than anyone else in Apocalypse Now, and his comments are often heard on the films sound track, viewers still do not see others completely from his perspective as readers do in Heart of Darkness. Hence, the film is robbed of some of the emotional intensity that one feels when one reads the novel. This is simply because the narrator in the novel communicates his subjective reaction to the episodes from the past. In the film, the audience does not grasp the extent to which the narrator is profoundly affected by Kurtzs tragedy. Many of Marlows sage reflections about Kurtzs life and death are absent in the film. Moreover, while Coppola successfully creates a staggering experience of the wars madness, he seems to confuse the moral issues. This is perhaps because of his view of personalizing the novel. The director identifies so strongly with Kurtz that he modifies the issue of power and disturbs the delicate balance between Conrads story and the subject of Vietnam. Apocalypse Now succeeds in making its viewers experience the horror of the war and to realize their own complicity in it, but it fails to highlight the nature of Kurtzs horror illuminated in Heart of Darkness. Coppolas failure to combine Conrads story and the Vietnam War in this respect points largely to The films adaptation of Kurtz. In the novel, Kurtz is corrupted by his isolation in the wilderness, resulting in an obsession with power and unfolding frightening truths about himself: I think it had whispered to him things about himself which he did not know, things of which he had no conception till he took counsel with his great solitude-and the whisper had proved irresistibly fascinating. It echoed loudly within him because he was hollow at the core. (133) in the film, Coppola tries to resonate Kurtz’s â€Å"hollowness† by having the character recite The Hollow Men by T. S. Eliot. But this can be seen as more of an emblematic solution that does not somewhat applies in the Vietnam War context. Parallels While the settings, backgrounds, characters, and approaches of the novel and film are somehow different, the narration, structure, and that theme are similar. The following paragraphs summarize some of the essential parallels between Conrads Heart of Darkness and Coppola’s Apocalypse Now. In the novel, Marlow introduces his narrative with a passage about â€Å"devotion to efficiency†, the idea behind how the ivory trade makes profit, justifying cruel exploitation (Kinder 16). This statement is also applicable to the Vietnam War context as they are both in the stages of Western imperialism: The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much. What redeems it is the idea only. An idea at the back of it; not a sentimental pretence but an idea: and an unselfish belief in the idea-something you can set up and bow down before, and offer a sacrifice to. (70) Coppola does not retain this speech in the film, but it becomes the groundwork for the dramatic events that unite Kurtz and Williard: the former’s recounting of the inoculation story and the latters murder of a wounded Vietnamese woman. The two are driven into a situation in which â€Å"military efficiency is totally undermined, yet they have been trained to worship it and to internalize it as the source of their own personal pride† (Kinder 16). In the novel, although Kurtz embodies all of Europe, he can be viewed as a â€Å"universal genius† who shows what lies ahead for those who take the challenge to look into the abyss. Despite the shortcomings in the handling of Kurtz, Copollas conception of film remains a masterful work that complements the power of Conrads vision. The novel and the film embody the theme of insanity and madness and insanity caused by the evil of imperialism. Madness in the novel is the result of being removed from ones normal environment and how people cope with their new environment. The same theme is explored in the film. Many soldiers who are drafted into Vietnam are barely 18 or 19-year-olds. Their mental stability is shaken when they are thrown into a harsh environment, where their lives hang on by the minute. Soldiers such as Lance and Chef are ready to snap at any moment due to the shock and realization of what kind of situation they are in or what is the purpose of fighting fellow men. They also fear the fact that they do not know where they are headed. Copolla and Conrad literally and metaphorically confront the madness and insanity brought about by Western imperialism and colonialism. Through Kurtz and the American soldiers, Copolla is able to portray what war is like for them, and why so many of them suffered from Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome. The film suggests that wars are an imperialist tool that drives the weak into their destruction. On the other hand, Conrad exposes how the imperialist agenda leads to the exploitation of foreign lands and its people, leaving the imperialist agents themselves deranged and empty (Papke 583). Both the novel and the film also give rise to a race discussion. Conrad and Coppola portray White men as the dominant. They not only rule over their respective crews; they also dominate the local peoples. Marlow and Willard look at the native people as if are the savage culture and White men are the civilized one. But it is interesting to note that each of the two main characters see a little of himself in Kurtz, a degenerated savage White man. Coppola’s take on Conrad’s Heart of Darkness has gained much attention from film scholars. In â€Å"The Power of Adaptation in Apocalypse Now†, Marsha Kinder states that â€Å"Coppola rarely hesitates to change Conrads story-setting, events, characters-whenever the revision is required by the Vietnam context. † (14) Moreover, the dialogues in the film, especially Willards voice-over narration, have been attacked by several film critics for sounding more like a parody of author Raymond Chandler than an adaptation of Conrads novel. But a deeper look suggests that Willards character and tone are not intended to be Marlows. To suit the Vietnam context, Willard has been totally transformed into a trained assassin, whose life has been drained of all meaning. Coppola retains Conrads focal image of the river. In the film, just as in the novel, each of the main characters embarks on a literal and metaphoric central journey. Marlows description of the Congo is an enormous snake uncoiled that fascinates him as a snake would a bird. The films structure is controlled by the image of the river â€Å"that snaked through the war like a main circuit cable,† carrying Willard to Cambodia. The novel and the film begin with the protagonists explanation of how they got the appointment which necessitated their excursion upriver. Marlow is dispatched to steam up the Congo in to find Mr. Kurtz, while Willard is mandated to journey up the Mekong River in a navy patrol boat to find Col. Kurtz. Moreover, while they travel up a primeval river to fulfill their respective assignments, they speculate about the character of the man they are seeking, with the help of the information they have pieced together about him. In both novel and film, the river eventually leads Marlow and Willard to Kurtz and his dying words of horror (Kinder 15). This final destination for both men is their soul-altering confrontation with Kurtz. Overall, it is an expedition of discovery into the dark heart of man. It is also a close encounter with mans capacity for evil. Coppola agrees with this observation and stated that he also saw Willards voyage upriver as a representation for the journey of life that people take within themselves and during which they decide which side to take: good or evil. The horror of the world dominated by hollow men is at the center of both Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now. Kurtz, in his god-like acousmatic voice and morally terrifying manifestation, is invested with much greatness: He fully understands existence in all its repugnance. Repelled and terrified Kurtz pushed himself to go into the very heart of darkness, to fully engage in the dualism (good and evil) of Being. To call Kurtz heroic or rapacious or good or evil, is to miss the point entirely. He is forever shaped by a dark satori, by an understanding of the omnipresent nature of darkness. Marlow and Willard are arguably Kurtzs spiritual sons, and they experience the same realization. Both of them look full face at the great condemnation, at the dark obscurity of Being. Each of them faces moral terror in the shape human conduct forced beyond decent limits; and each of them is profoundly transformed by this experience. In her book, Double Exposure: Fiction Into Film, Joy Could Boyum states that â€Å"in substituting Willard for Marlow, a madman for a sane one,† Coppola creates a character incapable of â€Å"any shock of recognition,† a man unable to â€Å"know evil when he sees it† (114). Boyum also argues that there is no discovery for Willard; he is a â€Å"murderer confronting a murder, a madman face to face with madness-it amounts only to a tautology. † Thus, Copollas Apocalypse Now can be argued as a movie that has no moral center. Unlike Willard, Marlow returns from the river experience with intact moral perspective and sanity, inviting the readers trust and identification. But one can also say that, like Apocalypse Now, Conrads Heart of Darkness, itself, is a novel that has no moral center. The book suggests that Marlows great realization is that existence itself has no moral heart. The character has not sustained the river journey with his intact moral perspective unchanged. Towards the end of the novel, Marlow is a transformed man, largely isolated and very different from those people aboard the Nellie. He is alienated forever in his wisdom. Willard, too, in the end, is vastly separated by his new knowledge. While many critics see Willard as immoral, insane, and unchanging, Kurtzs view of him is more fitting. In the film, Kurtz describes Willard when he sees him for the first time as â€Å"an errand boy sent by grocery clerks to collect a bill. † But in the end, Willard becomes wiser. He has been transformed, humbled by his face-to-face confrontation with the darkness natural in Kurtz, in himself, in existence. Therefore, the separate stories of Willards and Marlows river experiences follow a similar narrative pattern and arrive at a similar truth. Apocalypse Now is a thematic and structural analogue to Heart of Darkness. This is perhaps because, Copolla, in his authorial wisdom, fully understood that theme and technique, meaning, and structure are inseparable entities. To tell a story differently is to tell a different story. It seems that, ultimately, Copolla and Conrad tell the same story. Conclusion This paper looks at the differences and parallelisms between Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and Coppola’s Apocalypse Now. In comparing and contrasting the novel and the film, this paper suggests that the film has some significant deviation from the novel. Despite this, however, Apocalypse Now generally remains true to the core of Heart of Darkness. Both the novel and the film follow the same story line but Conrad and Copolla have different ways of presenting this story. This results in surface differences. But a deeper and closer reading of both the novel and the film reveals that they complement each other. This is one of the most important things in adapting a work of literature into a film. Works Cited Boyum, Joy Gould. Double Exposure: Fiction Into film. New York: Universe Books, 1985. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. New York: New American Library, 1950. Kinder, Marsha. â€Å"The Power of Adaptation in ‘Apocalypse Now’†. Film Quarterly 33. 2 (1979-1980): 12-20. Papke, David Ray. â€Å"Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness: A Literary Critique of Imperialism. † Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce 31. 4 (2000): 583-592.